Henry had two daughters both to become rulers of England — Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, and Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn. Edward succeeded his father at the age of 9, the government being carried on by a Council of Regency with his uncle, Duke of Somerset, styled Protector.
Even though his reign was short, many men made their mark. She was proclaimed Queen but Mary entered London with her supporters and Jane was taken to the Tower. She reigned for only 9 days. She was executed in , aged A devout Catholic, she married Philip of Spain. Mary attempted to enforce the wholesale conversion of England to Catholicism. She carried this out with the utmost severity. The place, in Broad Street Oxford, is marked by a bronze cross.
The country was plunged into a bitter blood bath, which is why she is remembered as Bloody Mary. She died in at Lambeth Palace in London. From first to last she was popular with the people and had a genius for the selection of capable advisors.
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots marred what was a glorious time in English history. Shakespeare was also at the height of his popularity. Elizabeth never married. He was the first king to rule over Scotland and England. James was more of a scholar than a man of action. In the Gunpowder Plot was hatched: Guy Fawkes and his Catholic friends tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament, but were captured before they could do so.
He encountered difficulties with Parliament from the beginning, and this led to the outbreak of the English Civil War in The House of Commons tried Charles for treason against England and when found guilty he was condemned to death. His death warrant states that he was beheaded on 30th January Following this the British monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared.
He entered Parliament in and became active in events leading to the Civil War. A leading Puritan figure, he raised cavalry forces and organised the New Model Army, which he led to victory over the Royalists at the Battle of Naseby in In he finally expelled the corrupt English parliament and with the agreement of army leaders became Lord Protector King in all but name.
Unlike his father, Richard lacked military experience and as such failed to gain respect or support from his New Model Army. After the collapse of the Protectorate following the death of Oliver Cromwell and the flight of Richard Cromwell to France, the Army and Parliament asked Charles to take the throne.
Although very popular he was a weak king and his foreign policy was inept. He had 13 known mistresses, one of whom was Nell Gwyn. He fathered numerous illegitimate children but no heir to the throne.
Many new buildings were built at this time. Although James converted to Catholicism in , his two daughters were raised as Protestants. James became very unpopular because of his persecution of the Protestant clergy and was generally hated by the people. William landed in England and James fled to France where he died in exile in Gathering local support, he marched his army, now 20, strong, on to London in The Glorious Revolution.
William and Mary were to reign jointly, and William was to have the Crown for life after Mary died in James plotted to regain the throne and in landed in Ireland. She had 17 pregnancies but only one child survived — William, who died of smallpox aged just A staunch, high church Protestant, Anne was 37 years old when she succeeded to the throne.
Anne was a close friend of Sarah Churchill, the Duchess of Marlborough. The 54 year old George arrived in England able to speak only a few words of English with his 18 cooks and 2 mistresses in tow.
George spent little time in England — he preferred his beloved Hanover, although he was implicated in the South Sea Bubble financial scandal of He was more English than his father, but still relied on Sir Robert Walpole to run the country.
George was the last English king to lead his army into battle at Dettingen in In the Jacobites tried once again to restore a Stuart to the throne. His reign was one of elegance and the age of some of the greatest names in English literature — Jane Austen , Byron , Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth. It was also the time of great statesmen like Pitt and Fox and great military men like Wellington and Nelson.
The American Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4th George was well meaning but suffered from a mental illness due to intermittent porphyria and eventually became blind and insane.
He had a love of art and architecture but his private life was a mess, to put it mildly! He married twice, once in to Mrs. Fitzherbert, secretly as she was a Catholic, and then in to Caroline of Brunswick. Fitzherbert remained the love of his life.
Caroline and George had one daughter, Charlotte in but she died in George was considered a great wit, but was also a buffoon and his death was hailed with relief! Before his accession he lived with a Mrs. Download for free You need to log in to download this statistic Register for free Already a member? Log in. Show detailed source information? Register for free Already a member?
More information. Supplementary notes. Other statistics on the topic. Celebrities Most liked members of the British Royal Family Aaron O'Neill. Research expert covering historical data. Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header.
Profit from additional features by authenticating your Admin account. Then you will be able to mark statistics as favourites and use personal statistics alerts. Please log in to access our additional functions. Yes, let me download! This religious policy was overturned by her successor Queen Elizabeth I r.
Although their reigns were brief, these two queens oversaw the official unification of England, Scotland, and Ireland into one United Kingdom, and Queen Anne holds the distinction of being the last monarch to veto legislation. Queen Victoria r. Queen Elizabeth II r. With the Succession to the Crown Act of finally abolishing male primogeniture in succession to the throne, no princess will ever have to worry about becoming the monarch by an act of circumstance.
It will now be their natural right. By entering your details, you are agreeing to HistoryExtra's terms and conditions. You can unsubscribe at any time. When her Protestant brother-in-law, William of Orange, invaded, Anne joined with him against her father. Although she endured 17 pregnancies, Anne left no heir, and her Protestant cousin, George of Hanover, succeeded her in She was highly intelligent, managing affairs in such a way that her husband never suspected her true influence.
She worked closely with Walpole throughout the reign, with the pair meeting to discuss policy privately before raising it with George, manipulating him to ensure that he followed their wishes. Although he was never faithful, George was devoted to Caroline — on her deathbed when she urged him to remarry, he refused, saying he would only have mistresses.
He was devastated when she died in Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert , in , and remained devoted to him for the rest of her life — she entered perpetual mourning following his death in She was, however, able to retain control of her affairs, regularly meeting with her prime ministers, as well as becoming empress of India in She reached the peak of her popularity at her golden jubilee in and diamond jubilee in Old age finally caught up with the queen on 22 January , when she died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.
The couple proved a successful team, with Elizabeth coming into her own during the Second World War. Hitler is supposed to have called her the most dangerous woman in Europe and, from the outset, she strove to improve British morale. To visit her website, click here. Sign in.
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