The Assyria-based soldiers accounted for three divisions of the Roman army, protecting the Parthian boundary. Syria was of significant strategic value during the trials of the third century. From the later 2nd century, the Roman senate included several notable Assyrians, including Claudius Pompeianus and Avidius Cassius. In the 3rd century, Assyrians even reached for imperial power, with the Severan dynasty.
It would become a Roman province once again between and AD, although the Roman authority of this province was unstable and was often yielded to the Parthians and Persians.
The before basic civilization of the desert-dwelling Arabs was greatly improved and enriched by the culture and knowledge of native Mesopotamian scientists and scholars.
Assyrian Christians contributed to the Arab Islamic civilization by translating works of Greek philosophers to Syriac and later to Arabic. However, despite this, native Assyrians became second-class residents in a greater Arab Islamic state, and those who resisted conversion to Islam were subjected to religious, ethnic and cultural discrimination, and had several restraints inflicted upon them.
The Assyrian genocide refers to the mass killing of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighboring Persia by Ottoman troops during the First World War, in association with the Armenian and Greek genocides. The Assyrian civilian population of upper Mesopotamia was coercively relocated and decimated by the Ottoman Turkish army, together with other allied Muslim peoples, between and , with additional attacks on defenseless migrating civilians enacted by local Arab militias.
The Assyrian genocide took place in the same circumstances as the Armenian and Greek genocides. Since the Assyrian genocide occurred within the setting of the much more extensive Armenian genocide, research discussing it as a distinguished matter is uncommon. Pictured above is a Memorial for the Assyrian Genocide from Wikipedia.
The majority of Assyrians residing in what is today modern Turkey were compelled to flee to either Syria or Iraq after the Turkish victory of the Turkish War of Independence. In , Assyrians declined to become part of the newly established state of Iraq and rather demanded their recognition as a separate nation. Since the Iraq War social turmoil and disorder have produced the unprovoked infliction of Assyrians in Iraq, mostly by Islamic extremists, and Kurdish nationalists.
In areas such as Dora, a community in southwestern Baghdad, the majority of its Assyrian population has either fled abroad or to northern Iraq or have been murdered. Since the beginning of the Iraq war, at least 46 churches and monasteries have been bombed.
Assyrian culture is broadly inspired by Christianity. Common festivals occur during religious holidays such as Easter and Christmas.
Others are greeted with a handshake with the right hand only; as according to Middle Eastern traditions, the left hand is affiliated with evil. There are many Assyrian traditions that are prevalent in other Middle Eastern cultures. For instance, a parent will often place an eye pendant on their baby to prevent "an evil eye being cast upon it".
These lamassu stood as guardian sentinels on either side of gateways into citadels; and were akin to sphinx-like door guardians excavated at the Hittite capital of Hattusa in Turkey.
Engraving of Austen Henry Layard in Persian costume, c. Layard was an archaeologist, adventurer and cuneiform scholar who uncovered many priceless and important artifacts during excavations he conducted in the mids. In the ruins of Nimrud, he found alabaster reliefs depicting military campaigns and scenes from courtly life; and in Nineveh he unearthed thousands of cuneiform-inscribed clay tablets dubbed The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal.
The famous Lachish reliefs are carved stone panels discovered in Nineveh in present-day Iraq in CE by year-old adventurer and archaeologist Austen Henry Layard, a 19th century version of Indiana Jones.
The scenes depicted in the reliefs show the wartime exploits of King Sennacherib against the Jewish citadel of Lachish. They were carved around the year BCE to decorate his palace. Twenty miles south of Nineveh, Layard helped excavate another Assyrian royal domain in Kalhu also known as Nimrud. Here was unearthed a set of panels showing violent battles from an earlier era. One of these images depicts a bizarre siege engine that has come to be referred to by laymen as the Assyrian Dalek because of its resemblance to the villainous aliens from Dr.
Depicted as smaller than actual scale by the artisans who created it, the siege engine would have been over feet-tall with fireproof plates and an iron ram. The first Assyrian armies were peasant spearmen. Following a series of military reforms around BCE, however, they employed a standing army of conscripts and professionals.
This force was better armed, armored, and supplied than the armies of most of its enemies, giving it important advantages. The New Empire armies benefited from cheap iron used for improved swords and armor.
The Assyrians were among the first to adopt the concept of the integrated army made up of an infantry core for shock, supported by light missile troops and a mobile wing of chariots, camelry, and cavalry. Illustration of the Assyrian army attacking Jerusalem The army was capable of fighting on the plains where chariots and then cavalry were critical, as well as in rough terrain where horses and chariots had little use. They campaigned regularly to the north and east against any neighbor that posed a threat.
For many years, the elite of the army were the charioteers, followed by the cavalry after chariots became obsolete. The Assyrians were accomplished at the art of capturing walled cities. Their historical records recount numerous city assaults and the brutality that followed.
Citadels that did not submit were often wiped out, their inhabitants either killed or sent to another corner of the empire to live out their miserable lives as abject slaves. Antique engraving based on a carving of an Assyrian military scene The brutal policies of subjugation and exorbitant demands for tribute and taxes made the Assyrians unpopular masters. Despite the ferocity of their reprisals, vassal states continually revolted when given an opportunity.
Weaker Assyrian kings were unable to hold the empire together in the face of internal and external pressure. The Babylonians were in revolt Babylon had been sacked in BCE and the Medes from modern western Iran were seeking retribution for past Assyrian invasions of their lands.
Ancient relief from Nineveh Palace c. Whether they were significantly more brutal than was normal for the time is unclear. For several centuries, however, they were the greatest military power in the civilized world. Their armies were innovative, and they appear to have been among the first to use large bodies of cavalry effectively. Health Long-Term Care. For Teachers. NewsHour Shop.
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